Containers on AWS
The container provides a standard method for packaging your application’s code, configuration, and dependencies into one object. The container is a process that shares a running operating system and runs as an isolated process on a server, which ensures quick, accurate, and consistent deployment.
How do you deploy containers on AWS?
There are several services provided by AWS that can help you deploy containerized workloads in the cloud:
Elastic Container Service (ECS) —
A part of AWS. A Docker environment on-premises can be used to deploy containerized applications.
AWS Fargate —
AWS Fargate is a compute service from Amazon ECS. A serverless container can be run through this service (without worrying about infrastructure).
Elastic Container Service (EKS) —
Kubernetes is managed by Amazon. Kubernetes clusters can be easily deployed on AWS using EKS.
AWS Container Features
You can run containerized workloads on AWS in several ways. All Amazon container services have these features in common.
Security
The Amazon Web Services security features are 210. Having granular permission controls for each container also ensures strong security isolation between containers. An organization has responsibility for worker nodes and workloads while AWS controls the container control plane.
Reliability
Using Amazon container services, you’ll have access to the largest public cloud infrastructure in the world, with 77 availability zones (AZs) and 24 regions. Amazon’s high availability architecture ensures availability for all container services (ECS, EKS, Fargate).
Integrations
The Amazon ecosystem includes native container services built on the AWS platform. Using AWS for monitoring, security, and scaling, containerized apps can leverage networking and security provided by the cloud. Containers and the cloud come together in AWS, allowing for flexibility and security.
AWS Containers Services
In the following sections, we review Amazon’s key services for containerized workloads.
Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS)
AWS ECS is an easy-to-use, highly-integrated container management system that supports Kubernetes, the defacto standard for container orchestration, but it does not support Kubernetes by default.
Clustered containers can be easily started, stopped, and managed with ECS. Containers can be configured in task definitions, which can be used to run separate tasks or services. With AWS Fargate, you can run serverless applications and tasks. The applications can also be run using a cluster of Amazon EC2 instances that you can manage directly.
With Amazon ECS, you can execute an API call to start and stop containers. Combined with the existing EC2 functionality, you can identify the status of the cluster from a central service, and extend all existing EC2 functionality to your container instances.
The placement of containers in a cluster will depend on your requirements for resource availability and isolation. It means you don’t need to manage a cluster or configuration management system of your own, and you can scale your infrastructure without worry.
It is possible to run containers in multiple AZs across the same region using ECS, which is a regional service. A new or existing VPC can host an Amazon ECS cluster. Having identified which images and in what quantities to run after the cluster has been deployed, task definitions can be created. The Amazon Elastic Container Registry (ECR) can be used to pull container images.
Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS)
The Kubernetes-based Amazon EKS service manages containers. Using Kubernetes on AWS is simplified by the service, which removes the need to install or manage nodes. Containerized applications are managed and deployed using Kubernetes, an open-source system.
Several availability zones (AZ) are configured in EKS to ensure high availability. It performs automatic detection of failed instances, and it provides automatic patching and versioning.
With Amazon EKS, users can have access to the Kubernetes community-developed plugins and tools, which is a free and open-source project. Applications built with EKS are fully independent of Kubernetes clusters whether run on-premises or in the cloud. Therefore, your Kubernetes applications can be easily migrated to EKS without having to change their code.
AWS Fargate
You can deploy containers using AWS Fargate without managing the underlying servers on Amazon EC2. Containerized applications are well integrated with Fargate, and clusters of virtual machines (VMs) do not need to be configured or scaled for use. Choosing instance types, deciding on scaling policies, or optimizing the distribution of containers across instances is eliminated.
To use Fargate with ECS, you select a Fargate launch type or capacity provider when you invoke an ECS task or service. It’s as simple as packing the application into a container, defining memory and CPU requirements, configuring IAM and network policies, and launching it.
When using Fargate with EKS, create a Kubernetes namespace and label matching Fargate profile. Pods will then need to be deleted and recreated, and they will again run on Fargate by default.
Fargate tasks each have their own isolation limits. The task has its own kernel cores, processor, memory, and elastic network interfaces, and does not share resources with other tasks. Below is a visual representation of this principle.
Additionally, AWS Lambda will begin supporting container images in 2020. Serverless now offers the ability to package Lambda functions as container images with sizes up to 10GB so that more complex workloads can be run with dependencies using Lambda.
Amazon Elastic Container Registry (ECR)
A container image registry managed by Amazon is called ECR. Security, scalability, and reliability are all provided by the service. ECR uses AWS IAM to manage a dedicated container image repository using resource-based permissions.
Using this feature, an Amazon EC2 or user-specific instance can access the repository and images according to IAM policies. Developers can use their preferred command line interface to download, discover, and manage Docker images, Open Container Initiative (OCI) images, and OCI-compliant artifacts.
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